The book “Evidence and refutations: how theorems are proved” by Imre Lakatos is not just a textbook on mathematics or philosophy of science, but a real intellectual odyssey that immerses the reader in the world of scientific thinking and logic. Lakatos, an eminent philosopher and mathematician, offers a unique look at the process of proving theorems, revealing subtleties and nuances that often go unnoticed in traditional textbooks. In this work, Lakatos explores how mathematical theories are formed and developed, how they are refuted and what factors influence the acceptance or rejection of scientific ideas. He uses vivid examples to show that mathematics is not just a set of axioms and theorems, but a dynamic and evolving field of knowledge in which human factors, intuition and creativity play an important role. Lakatos is not afraid to question traditional ideas about mathematics, encouraging the reader to think about how we come to the truth and what “proof” in the modern world is. This book will be of interest not only to students and teachers of mathematics, but also to everyone who is interested in the philosophy of science, logic and methodology. If you are interested in questions how scientific theories are built, how they are tested and refuted, then “Evidence and refutations” will be a real discovery for you. Lakatos appeals to a wide audience, including both young scientists and experienced researchers, offering them new perspectives and approaches to understanding the scientific process. The themes raised in the book are relevant to this day.. Lakatos discusses important aspects such as the falsifiability of theories, the role of experimental data in scientific cognition, and the interaction between theory and practice. He emphasizes that science is not a static system, but a living organism that is constantly evolving. This makes the book particularly valuable in light of the current scientific debate and controversy surrounding methods and approaches in various fields of knowledge. Imre Lakatos is known for his original style, which combines deep philosophical reflection and an accessible presentation of complex ideas. His works, such as "History of Mathematics and Philosophy of Science" and "Methodology of Scientific Research", also deserve attention and may be of interest to those who want to understand more deeply how scientific ideas develop. Lakatos masterfully uses examples from the history of science to illustrate his ideas, which makes reading his books fascinating and informative. If you are looking for a book that will not only expand your knowledge of mathematics and science, but also make you think about deeper philosophical issues, then “Evidence and refutations: how theorems are proven” will be an excellent choice. This work inspires reflection, encourages critical thinking, and opens new horizons in understanding how we perceive and interpret the world around us. Do not miss the opportunity to immerse yourself in the world of Lakatos ideas and discover new aspects of scientific knowledge!