Smolensk: Universum, 2004. — 632 s. The work summarizes the experience of many years of research of landscapes of the Smolensk region . A constructive landscape-geographic approach to the transformation of the natural environment has been developed. The necessity and possibilities of using the landscape approach in solving issues of complex organization of the territory, optimization and melioration of natural complexes are shown . On the basis of stationary studies, the main features of the water regime of the most common natural complexes are considered in detail, changes occurring in them under the influence of economic activity are analyzed, ways of their reclamation are determined. The best methods of structural melioration of peat soils, the effectiveness of snow meliorations on drained swamps have been identified. Changes in the region's climate and hydrological regime p. Over the last century . Changes in the flow and hydrochemical regime of small rivers under the influence of land reclamation and development are shown. The main adverse changes in landscapes under the influence of land reclamation, agricultural use, road construction, reservoirs, drainage of swamps . Systems of surface water treatment from suspended sediments and biogenic components have been developed. A scheme for optimizing landscapes is proposed, providing for a set of measures to ensure the preservation of biodiversity in them, high productivity of agricultural land, and the elimination of negative consequences of economic activity.