"Formerly and dums." [edit] [ Part II" is one of the most significant and profound works of the Russian thinker and writer Alexander Ivanovich Herzen, which continues his reflections on the fate of Russia, its society and political life. This book, published in 1860, is not just a memoir, but a philosophical treatise in which Herzen analyzes not only his past, but also the future of his homeland, raising important questions about freedom, justice and human nature. The second part of the “Former and Thoughts” immerses the reader in the world of the author’s personal experiences, his reflections on the revolutionary events and social changes that took place in Russia at that time. Herzen, as one of the first Russian socialists, is not afraid to question established norms and traditions, which makes his text especially relevant to this day. He shares his views on the peasant question, the need for reform and the role of the intelligentsia in society, which makes the book interesting for those who seek to understand the roots of modern social and political problems. This work will be especially interesting for those who are fond of the history of Russia, philosophy, sociology and literature. Readers interested in issues of freedom, social justice and historical development will find in the "Former and Thoughts" a lot of ideas and reflections that can inspire their own thoughts and actions. The book is suitable both for young people and for a more mature audience seeking a deeper understanding of historical processes and their impact on modernity. Herzen, being one of the founders of Russian literature and socialist thought, uses in his book a special style that combines personal memories and public reflections. His language is filled with emotional strength and sincerity, which allows the reader not only to understand his ideas, but also to feel the atmosphere in which he lived and created. In the "Former and Thoughts" you can see not only historical events, but also the inner struggle of a person who is trying to find his place in the world. The book raises many topics, among which the most important are the issues of freedom of choice, social inequality and personal responsibility. Herzen asks the reader difficult questions about what it is like to be a citizen of your country, what are the duties of the intelligentsia to society and what role does individual freedom play in the context of the public good. These topics remain relevant in our time, which makes the "Former and Dumas" not just a historical document, but also a living philosophical work that can cause discussions and reflections. If you are looking for literature that not only tells about the past, but also makes you think about the future, "Former and Dumas. Part II "Herzen will be for you a real find. This book will not leave indifferent any reader who seeks to understand complex social processes and historical changes. It will be an important step towards understanding its role in society and understanding the challenges facing the modern world.