Intended for students of engineering-technical directions and specialties. The study of the course creates a basis for developing the ability to navigate in the abundant flow of scientific and technical information, to recognize promising scientific directions in a timely manner, to assess the possibility of their practical use and to calculate the consequences of certain technological innovations. A collection of problems with examples of solutions and tasks for independent work and control sessions is offered . The manual deals in detail with typical tasks characteristic of a particular theoretical section, and presents tasks for independent work with answers for self-control. One of the goals of the course is to cultivate a culture of a systematic approach, logical thinking skills, the habit of thinking through results, building correct working hypotheses and clearly formulating a task. ;Griff:Recommended by UMO "Nuclear Physics and Technologies" as a teaching aid for students of higher educational institutions