The monograph is devoted to the review of studies of the effects of electron disorder on electron-photon interaction in metals, superconductors, semiconductors and also in various low-dimensional structures. The relevance of the issues raised in the monograph is determined by the intensive development of nanotechnology, the creation of new nanostructured materials and unique nanoelements for electronics and photonics. Elastic electron scattering at the boundaries of nanostructures qualitatively changes the interaction of electrons with photons, which, of course, should be taken into account when projecting the corresponding element of the base. The applied part of the work is devoted to the controlled modification of electronic processes to optimize new nanosensors based on electronic heating in superconducting and semiconductor structures. The monograph is intended for senior students, graduate students and novice investigators working in the field of superconducting nanoelectronics ..