Study A. Glukhov devoted to the political logic of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato and the reception of Platonism in the XX century among the post-Nietzschean thinkers (M.) Heidegger, X. Arendt, L. Strauss, M. Foucault, J. Deleuze,Zh. Derrida). The book proposes a number of new methods of historical and philosophical analysis ,. A typology of political thinking in continental and analytical traditions is given , provides an overview of the latest trends in the study of ancient political being, offered an end-to-end and detailed commentary on Plato's "State", The key anti-Platonic texts of the post-Nietzscheans are considered , who played a key role in the formation of continental philosophy in the XX century. The author formulates the main political problem - the mutual untranslatability of the languages of freedom and justice - which remains valid throughout the history of European thought. The book is addressed to senior students and graduate students of the Faculty of Philosophy, professional researchers of political theory, as well as anyone interested in the history of formation, current problems and prospects of development of modern philosophical and political thought.