*Materials on Assessing the Sanitary Condition of Moscow and the Moscow Province. Volume 1: Natural Population Movements* by P. I. Kurkina and A. A. is a remarkable study that transports readers into the world of public health statistics and demographic analysis of the early 20th century. This work is not only a valuable historical document but also a window into how issues of public health and societal well-being were addressed in the past. In this first volume of a comprehensive investigation, the authors focus on the natural population movements within Moscow and its surrounding province. They provide a detailed examination of key factors such as birth rates, mortality, and migration, offering insight into how these elements influenced the region’s sanitary conditions. Filled with intriguing facts and statistical data, the book may surprise even modern readers familiar with demographic basics. Who is this book for? Primarily, it will appeal to historians, sociologists, public health professionals, and students studying these fields. However, its engaging content also makes it accessible to a broader audience interested in Moscow’s history and development, as well as how living conditions in the city have evolved over time. Enthusiasts of history, sociology, and medicine will find valuable insights and thought-provoking reflections within its pages. The themes explored remain highly relevant today. Questions about public health, societal well-being, and sanitation continue to be at the forefront of scientific and political discussions. Kurkina and A. A. raise important issues about how social conditions, economic factors, and cultural traditions influence health outcomes. Their work encourages us to consider the importance of understanding historical context when developing modern healthcare strategies. The authors’ clear and accessible style combines scientific rigor with engaging narration, making the reading both informative and enjoyable. P. I. Kurkina, renowned for his expertise in sanitary statistics and demography, demonstrates his deep knowledge and experience. Alongside other notable scholars like N. N. Burdenko and A. A. Sinyakov, his research helps illuminate how perspectives on health and societal welfare have evolved over the centuries. *Materials on Assessing the Sanitary Condition of Moscow and the Moscow Province. Volume 1* is more than just a collection of statistical data; it is a vivid chronicle of the city’s life, its inhabitants, and their health. It offers a glimpse into the past, revealing how attitudes toward essential aspects of societal well-being have changed over time. If you seek a profound and meaningful read that enhances your understanding of Moscow’s history and its people, this book is an excellent choice. It will enrich your knowledge and inspire reflection on the importance of caring for public health and societal prosperity. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore this historical work, which is sure to resonate with many readers.