This book serves as a comprehensive textbook for courses such as "Non-Destructive Testing of Materials and Structures," "Instrumentation Based on New Physical Principles," "Fundamentals of Measurement Physics," "Automation," and others. It presents the physical principles underlying the most common technological parameters, based on various measurement methods. Designed primarily for students enrolled in programs like 150100.62, 221700.62, and 221400.62, it also offers valuable insights for graduate students and researchers engaged in the development of automation systems, measurement instruments, and control devices. The book is a useful resource for coursework, diploma projects, and practical work in industries involved in designing and operating measurement techniques and control systems for technological parameters.