This monograph introduces a groundbreaking experimental method for investigating the spatial structure of biological macromolecules and supramolecular structures: tritium planigraphy. It explores its applications in addressing a wide range of challenges in modern molecular and physical-chemical biology. The book delves into the physical principles behind the method and the experimental techniques involved, presenting findings on the structure and conformational transitions in proteins. It also discusses approaches to modeling the spatial structure of proteins and provides insights gained from studying the spatial organization of supramolecular structures, such as ribosomes, viruses, and cellular organelles. This work is essential for specialists in bioorganic, molecular, and physical chemistry, as well as virology, and serves as a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in these fields.