This collective work delves into the systemic-structural approach that underpins a whole array of emerging disciplines, including cybernetics, bionics, game theory, and informatics, all of which play a crucial role in shaping the character and specificity of the modern scientific and technological revolution. The book is divided into two sections. The first section explores the philosophical implications of the concepts of "system" and "structure," analyzing the philosophical foundations of the general theory of systems and the limits of its applicability. The second section addresses the application of ideas and methods from the systemic approach to the analysis of various aspects of scientific knowledge.