This book presents the tasks that were proposed at the first Olympiads held by the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the Moscow State University. M. In. Lomonosov, at the final rounds of the I and II All-Russian and I?XIV All-Union Olympiads . For ease of use of the book, it is equipped with a thematic task index. With it, it is easy to find tasks on a certain topic. However, it must be borne in mind that many of the tasks are 'combined', t. e. There are several sections at the same time.. The book provides detailed solutions to the problem, which were proposed at the national Olympiads in physics of high school students .. At the end of the book there is a thematic task index. The book is intended for students with an increased interest in studying physics.