The proposed edition is recommended as a training tool for students of various specialties studying software and hardware methods of organizing the computing process. For specialty 2201 'Computers, complexes, systems and networks', this edition can be used as a training manual in the disciplines ''Theory of computational processes'' and ''Organization of computers and systems'' by students of the first and second years .. The manual is considered as the main architectures of processors (background Neyman architecture, Stack and Conveyor Architecture , Data Flow Machines , forwarding processor and RISC processors), and RAM architecture (addressable memory using cache and alternate addresses, associative approach to data collection), as well as decisions on the organization of input/data output