The manual presents 426 problems in the history of astronomy . The tasks are preceded by a brief historical introduction. The publication is intended to help in the teaching of astronomy in higher education institutions and schools . It contains original tasks related to the development of astronomy as a science. Many tasks are astrophysical in nature, so the manual can also be used in physics classes. The history of the development of any science is interesting and instructive: it shows the evolution of human thought, its consistent penetration into the secrets of nature and human existence. In this respect, astronomy is of particular interestancient natural science. Knowledge of the structure and laws of the universe took place at a fantastic pace. From completely primitive attempts to explain celestial phenomena to the modern level of understanding of the world order, only a few millennia have passed. During this period, our ideas about the universe have changed much more than, for example, ideas about the structure of matter. Astronomy developed most intensively in the 19th and 20th centuries. But even 100 years ago, people did not know about the true sources of energy of stars, did not realize the huge role of electromagnetic phenomena in space, were not sure of the existence of other galaxies and did not know about the global expansion of our world. The instruments and methods of astronomy have undergone unprecedented changes in recent centuries. However, it was not with the help of giant telescopes that basic information was obtained about the structure of the solar system, about the laws governing the movement of planets and their satellites, asteroids and comets. The main tool of any scientist was and remains intelligence. The human mind, using the results of observations, sometimes very original, often mistaken, is steadily moving along the path of truth.