The work is dedicated to the famous U.S. philosopher Hilary Putnam (born . In 1926 . ), whose ideas and creative search largely determine the "face" of American philosophy today Choosing as a connecting theme in the work of this philosopher his research on the problem of realism The author reveals the internal logic in the evolution of his views (from "scientific realism" to the concept of "internal realism" and to the realism of common sense) and shows the correlation of this problem with a wide range of Putnam's research in the methodology of science. Philosophy of Language , Gnoseology and Philosophy of Consciousness . The material presented in the paper makes it possible to form a general idea of modern approaches and methods of solving one of the central philosophical issues - the problem of realism.