World Bank Discussion Paper No. 377. China faces the challenge of upgrading and expanding its infrastructure facilities to keep pace with the countrys unparalleled growth rate so that economic development will not be jeopardized by infrastructure-related constraints. Increasingly, governments in emerging market economies such as China are looking to domestic markets to help fund these massive infrastructure requirements while developing appropriate investment strategies to maintain long-term external capital flows to targeted infrastructure sectors. This paper draws on the experiences of industrial and developing countries with capital market financing of domestic infrastructure projects and discusses the applicability of such experience to China. It outlines the enabling conditions and institutions critical to the growth of local capital markets and their role as providers of infrastructure finance. The paper also describes other mechanisms, including guarantees and development funds, that can be used to mitigate risks for investors and analyzes Chinas capital markets and current state of infrastructure finance..