This book contains lectures and interviews by the famous American linguist and public figure Noam Chomsky, in which he sets out his views on the relationship between the science of language and the biological sciences, on the relationship between language, thinking and the brain. The book discusses an approach based on the idea that universal grammar is a system of principles and parameters; this approach provides a potential solution to the logical problem of language acquisition. The author also talks about the economical device of the language and describes the provisions of the Minimalist program. The final chapter of the book reflects the socio-political aspect of Chomsky's activities - this is an essay devoted to criticizing the role of the intellectual elite of Western countries in justifying the foreign policy of these states or concealing its negative consequences. The book is recommended to philologists, psychologists, political scientists, as well as anyone who is interested in the problems of language in the aspect of its connections with the biological sciences and the problems of political trends in the modern world.