On the Genealogy of Moralityis Nietzsche's most influential book but it continues to puzzle, not least in its central claim: the invention of Christian morality is an act ofrevenge, and it is as such that it should arouse critical suspicion. InThe Will to Nothingness, Bernard Reginstermakes a fresh attempt at understanding this claim and its significance, inspired by Nietzsche's claim that moralities are 'signs' or 'symptoms' of the affective states of moral agents. The relation between morality and affects is envisioned as functional, rather than expressive: the genealogy ofChristian morality aims to reveal how it is well suited to serve certain emotional needs.One particular emotional need, manifested in the affect ofressentiment, plays a prominent role in the analysis of Christian morality. This is the need to have the world reflect one's will, which is rooted in a special drive toward power, or toward bending the world to one's will. Revenge isplausibly understood as aiming to bolster or restore power, and the invention of new values is a particular way to do so: by altering the agent's will (her values), it alters what counts as power for her. By revealing how it is well suited to play such a functional role in the emotional economy ofmoral agents, the genealogical inquiries arouse critical suspicion toward Christian morality. The use of this moral outlook as an instrument of revenge is problematic not because it is immoral, but because it is functionally self-undermining.